Also, battery temperature and other parameters should be monitored during the charging and discharging using a Battery Management System (BMS), whereas in supercapacitors such strict monitoring systems might not be needed. Batteries in high load dissipate heat that contributes to low efficiency. In terms of efficiency, supercapacitors are 95% more efficient than the batteries which are 60-80% efficient under full load conditions. Over the battery, this is an undoubtedly plus point of supercapacitors in space constraint situations or cost optimization for purposes. Thus, ignoring other limitations of a supercapacitor the circuit designer can choose three 5.5 volt supercapacitors in series. Supercapacitors have a high cell voltage of 5.5V compared with 3.7V of a typical Lithium battery. Therefore, to compensate with the input voltage specification, at least 5 batteries in series connection is required but supercapacitor could provide 2.5 volts to 5.5-volt output. A single-cell Lithium battery provides 3.2 volts at the lowest charge condition and 4.2 volts at the highest charge condition. The below figure shows the output voltage of Supercapacitor vs Battery for the same number of cells.įor example, an application with a linear voltage regulator like 7812 requires at least 15V input. Obviously, there are different kinds of voltage regulators available in the market but still, the input voltage across a regulator became an important part of the application. In different kinds of applications, often the input voltage is a large factor. That is much larger than the power density of the same rated batteries.ĭue to the high power density, a supercapacitor is a useful power source where larger peak current is required. The comparison chart below shows the power density of Supercapacitor vs Battery.īut, for a supercapacitor, the power density varies from 2500 Wh per kg to 45000 Wh per kg. The ratings can also vary a lot depending on the manufacturing process. Although there are different kinds of batteries in the market, for example, lithium-ion, polymer, lead-acid batteries have different power density, from 1000 Wh per kg to 2000 Wh per kg. Supercapacitors have a high power density than the same rated battery. If you are a newbie to Supercapacitors then it is highly recommended to learn the basics of Supercapacitors before you proceed further. In this article, we will discuss Supercapacitor vs Battery (Lithium / Lead Acid) on various parameters and conclude with a case study for an engineer to understand where one could select a supercapacitor over a battery for his applications. But, nothing like that actually happened, because both Supercapacitors and Batteries are entirely different from each other and they have their own applications.įun Fact: Almost all modern airbag controllers are powered by supercapacitors, because of their fast response time over batteries.Ĭompared with the battery, the Supercapacitor or Ultracapacitor is a high-density energy source or storage with huge capacitance for a short time span. A few years back when Supercapacitors were made available, there was a huge hype about it and many expected it to replace the batteries in commercial electronic products and even in Electric Vehicles. There is a long debate that Supercapacitors will overrule the battery market in the future.
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